The Cornish in Latin America

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Significant numbers of Cornish miners arrived from 1824-5 to work in Latin American mines that lay derelict, abandoned and flooded due to the Wars of Emancipation raging across the continent. Backed by large amounts of British capital some mines were rehabilitated and once more became successful enterprises. In several mining regions of Latin America, such as Fresnillo and Pachuca-Real del Monte in Mexico, the signs of a Cornish industrial landscape complete with masonry engine houses with integral chimneys, betray the involvement of the Cornish in bringing the industrial revolution to those shores. 

But far less tangible evidence for their intimate connection with the Latin American mining industry exists on countless mine maps and plans, the workings often described in typically Cornish terms. For not only did the Cornish bring with them new working practices such as the tribute system, but a vast new mining terminology, some of it derived from the Cornish language. This was added and blended to a rich Ibero-American technical vocabulary resulting in a global mining language. Some of the most common terms and phrases are given; Ibero-American terms are in italics.
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HabilitadorHe who supplies money for working a mine.
HaciendaFarm, estate, establishment for reducing ores. Hacienda de beneficio - an establishment for reducing ores.
Hanging wallThe wall or side over the lode.
HalvansThe ores not sufficiently rich to be offered for sale.
HeaveThe horizontal dislocation that occurs when one lode is intersected by another having a different direction.
HechadoDip of the lode.
HerramientaTools; taken figuratively it implies a borer and hammerman.
HerreroBlacksmith.
HundidoSunk in. Workings that have fallen in.

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